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The Interpretation of Dreams Chapter 7 - F. The Unconscious and Consciousness. Reality Psychology
PREFACE TO THE THIRD GERMAN EDITION
WHEREAS there was a space of nine years between the first and second editions of this book, the need of a third edition was apparent when little more than a year had elapsed. I ought to be gratified by this change; but if I was unwilling previously to attribute the neglect of my work to its small value, I cannot take the interest which is now making its appearance as proof of its quality.
The advance of scientific knowledge has not left
The Interpretation of Dreams untouched. When I wrote this book in 1899 there was
as yet no "sexual theory," and the analysis of the more complicated forms of the
psychoneuroses was still in its infancy. The interpretation of dreams was
intended as an expedient to facilitate the psychological analysis of the
neuroses; but since then a profounder understanding of the neuroses has
contributed towards the comprehension of the dream. The doctrine of
dream-interpretation itself has evolved in a direction which was insufficiently
emphasized in the first edition of this book. From my own experience, and the
works of Stekel and other writers, * I have since learned to appreciate more
accurately the significance of symbolism in dreams (or rather, in unconscious
thought). In the course of years, a mass of data has accumulated which demands
consideration. I have endeavored to deal with these innovations by
interpolations in the text and footnotes. If these additions do not always quite
adjust themselves to the framework of the treatise, or if the earlier text does
not everywhere come up to the standard of our present knowledge, I must beg
indulgence for this deficiency, since it is only the result and indication of
the increasingly rapid advance of our science. I will even venture to predict
the directions in which further editions of this book- should there be a demand
for them- may diverge from previous editions. Dream- interpretation must seek a
closer union with the rich material of poetry, myth, and popular idiom, and it
must deal more faithfully than has hitherto been possible with the relations of
dreams to the neuroses and to mental derangement.
Herr Otto Rank has afforded me valuable assistance in the selection of
supplementary examples, and has revised the proofs of this edition. I have to
thank him and many other colleagues for their contributions and corrections.
Vienna, 1911 -
* Omitted in subsequent editions.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND (GERMAN) EDITION
THAT there should have been a demand for a second edition of this book- a book which cannot be described as easy to read- before the completion of its first decade is not to be explained by the interest of the professional circles to which I was addressing myself. My psychiatric colleagues have not, apparently, attempted to look beyond the astonishment which may at first have been aroused by my novel conception of the dream; and the professional philosophers, who are anyhow accustomed to disposing of the dream in a few sentences- mostly the same- as a supplement to the states of consciousness, have evidently failed to realize that precisely in this connection it was possible to make all manner of deductions, such as must lead to a fundamental modification of our psychological doctrines. The attitude of the scientific reviewers was such to lead me to expect that the fate of the book would be to fall into oblivion; and the little flock of faithful adherents, who follow my lead in the therapeutic application of psycho-analysis, and interpret dreams by my method, could not have exhausted the first edition of this book. I feel, therefore, that my thanks are due to the wider circle of cultured and inquiring readers whose sympathy has induced me, after the lapse of nine years, once more to take up this difficult work, which has so many fundamental bearings.
I am glad to be able to say that I found little in
the book that called for alteration. Here and there I have interpolated fresh
material, or have added opinions based on more extensive experience, or I have
sought to elaborate individual points; but the essential passages treating of
dreams and their interpretation, and the psychological doctrines to be deduced
therefrom, have been left unaltered; subjectively, at all events, they have
stood the test of time. Those who are acquainted with my other writings (on the
aetiology and mechanism of the psychoneuroses) will know that I never offer
unfinished work as finished, and that I have always endeavoured to revise my
conclusions in accordance with my maturing opinions; but as regards the subject
of the dream-life, I am able to stand by my original text. In my many years'
work upon the problems of the neuroses I have often hesitated, and I have often
gone astray; and then it was always the interpretation of dreams that restored
my self-confidence. My many scientific opponents are actuated by a wise instinct
when they decline to follow me into the region of oneirology.
Even the material of this book, even my own dreams, defaced by time or
superseded, by means of which I have demonstrated the rules of
dream-interpretation, revealed, when I came to revise these pages, a continuity
that resisted revision. For me, of course, this book has an additional
subjective significance, which I did not understand until after its completion.
It reveals itself to me as a piece of my self-analysis, as my reaction to the
death of my father, that is, to the most important event, the most poignant loss
in a man's life. Once I had realized this, I felt that I could not obliterate
the traces of this influence. But to my readers the material from which they
learn to evaluate and interpret dreams will be a matter of indifference.
Where an inevitable comment could not be fitted into the old context, I have
indicated by square brackets that it does not occur in the first edition. *
Berchtesgaden, 1908 -
* Omitted in subsequent editions.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE (first edition)
IN this volume I have attempted to expound the methods and results of dream-interpretation; and in so doing I do not think I have overstepped the boundary of neuro-pathological science. For the dream proves on psychological investigation to be the first of a series of abnormal psychic formations, a series whose succeeding members- the hysterical phobias, the obsessions, the delusions- must, for practical reasons, claim the attention of the physician. The dream, as we shall see, has no title to such practical importance, but for that very reason its theoretical value as a typical formation is all the greater, and the physician who cannot explain the origin of dream-images will strive in vain to understand the phobias and the obsessive and delusional ideas, or to influence them by therapeutic methods.
But the very context to which our subject owes its
importance must be held responsible for the deficiencies of the following
chapters. The abundant lacunae in this exposition represent so many points of
contact at which the problem of dream-formation is linked up with the more
comprehensive problems of psycho- pathology; problems which cannot be treated in
these pages, but which, if time and powers suffice and if further material
presents itself, may be elaborated elsewhere.
The peculiar nature of the material employed to exemplify the interpretation of
dreams has made the writing even of this treatise a difficult task.
Consideration of the methods of dream- interpretation will show why the dreams
recorded in the literature on the subject, or those collected by persons unknown
to me, were useless for my purpose; I had only the choice between my own dreams
and those of the patients whom I was treating by psychoanalytic methods. But
this later material was inadmissible, since the dream-processes were undesirably
complicated by the intervention of neurotic characters. And if I relate my own
dreams I must inevitably reveal to the gaze of strangers more of the intimacies
of my psychic life than is agreeable to me, and more than seems fitting in a
writer who is not a poet but a scientific investigator. To do so is painful, but
unavoidable; I have submitted to the necessity, for otherwise I could not have
demonstrated my psychological conclusions. Sometimes, of course, I could not
resist the temptation to mitigate my indiscretions by omissions and
substitutions; but wherever I have done so the value of the example cited has
been very definitely diminished. I can only express the hope that my readers
will understand my difficult position, and will be indulgent; and further, that
all those persons who are in any way concerned in the dreams recorded will not
seek to forbid our dream-life at all events to exercise freedom of thought!
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The Interpretation of Dreams Chapter 1 THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE OF DREAM-PROBLEMS
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